What is the Importance of Port Security?
In short, port security refers to the security and law enforcement measures taken to protect seaports from terrorism, other illegal activities, and armed groups. It also refers to measures taken to ensure the effective implementation of treaties signed with other countries. Furthermore, port security encompasses maritime security: namely, the security of maritime trade zones, coastlines, and beaches.
As part of maritime security, port security is regulated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code). The ISPS Code was adopted in 2002 as part of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). In addition to these two organizations, many port security measures have been incorporated into the United Nations maritime security agenda.
Port Security
Given the extensive and booming nature of maritime transport, especially cargo transport, port security is crucial. Proper supervision and inspection of transported cargo are essential because cargo containers can be misused. The importance of maritime security will be elaborated in more detail below:
Ports are busy and vast areas. This means that some areas may be unpatrolled for extended periods, facilitating the theft of containerized cargo. This can also lead to arms and ammunition smuggling, warehousing problems, and illegal immigration. Port security helps resolve these transit issues, thereby reducing cargo theft.
Since maritime security is also included in port security measures, it helps protect the interests of ships in dangerous and conflict-ridden waters. This is especially important when ships enter waters rife with piracy. Therefore, effective maritime security requires appropriate anti-piracy measures.
Oil is transported in massive quantities at sea. If pirate and terrorist attacks cause oil spills, or worse, arson attacks on oil tankers, it could cause major disasters to the environment, resources, and national security. Maritime security aims to prevent such incidents.
The Coast Guard works with other government agencies to ensure the security of ports in various countries. This is because the Coast Guard is primarily responsible for maritime security. Other government agencies responsible for port security include the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and the Maritime Administration (MARAD).
In recent years, the need for maritime security has been growing. Given the increasing use of maritime routes by terrorists and pirates to cause greater harm to society, countries must develop systematic laws and regulations to maintain the security of ports and the entire sea area.
